English for Specific Purposes

English for computing and business:

http://www.english-online.org.uk/

Sites com exercícios / curso de inglês

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/past-perfect-simple/exercises

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learning/

More Features of Operating Systems

In multi-tasking or multiprogramming environments, for the purpose of increasing processing productivity, computers process several applications concurrently, switching from one to the other. This requires a powerful operating system incorporating work scheduling facilities to control the switching between programs. This means reading in data for one program while the processor is performing computations on another and printing out results on yet another.

In multi-user environments, only one user can access the system at a given moment of time. In such environments, an operating system is required to control terminal operations on a shared access basis and also the locking and unlocking of records to prevent one user attempting to read a record while another user is updating it, for instance. In such a case, one user is allowed to write to a record and all the other ones are denied access until the record is updated and unlocked.

Some environments operate in concurrent batch and real-time mode. Batch mode means that a background' job deals with programs that run without any terminal or user interaction. Real-time jobs, on the other hand, are 'foreground' jobs that deal with situations in which immediate results are necessary-such as airline seat reservations, on-line booking of hotel accommodations, automatic cash dispenser, etc. The real-time operations have priority, and the operating system: a) interrupts batch processing to deal with real-time inquiries, and bj transfers the interrupted stage of batch processing to backing storage. After the real-time operation has been dealt with, the interrupted program is transferred back to internal memory and processing recommences from a `restart point'. The operating system also copies to disk backing storage the state of the real-time system every few minutes to provide a means of 'recovering' the system in the event of a malfunction.

Labels

On Tesco's Tiramisu dessert (printed on bottom)
"Do not turn upside down."

On Sainsbury's peanuts --
"Warning: contains nuts."

On Boot's Children Cough Medicine --
"Do not drive a car or operate machinery after taking this medication."

On Marks &Spencer Bread Pudding -

"Product will be hot after heating."

On a Sears hairdryer --
Do not use while sleeping.

On a bag of Fritos --
You could be a winner! No purchase necessary. Details inside.

On a bar of Dial soap --
"Directions: Use like regular soap."

On some Swanson frozen dinners --
"Serving suggestion: Defrost."

On packaging for a Rowenta iron --
"Do not iron clothes on body."

On Nytol Sleep Aid --
"Warning: May cause drowsiness."

On most brands of Christmas lights --
"For indoor or outdoor use only."

On a Japanese food processor --
"Not to be used for the other use."

On an American Airlines packet of nuts --
"Instructions: Open packet, eat nuts."

On a child's Superman costume --
"Wearing of this garment does not enable you to fly."

Computer for children

Everyone knows that technology is very important. More and more people make their living by working with computers. Modern businesses use computers to keep information about sales, costs, workers and the people who buy products. And the Internet is becoming more valuable as a way to market products to the whole world.

But educators around the world have a big problem. How are they going to teach millions of school children to use computers? Teachers must be trained and have experience with computers. But many older people, including some teachers, are not interested in computers or are afraid to learn how to use them. ( I )

Now a researcher in India has developed a possible solution to the problem. His name is Sugata Mitra. His idea is that children can teach themselves how to use computers. Mister Mitra and engineers from a company called N-I-I-T in New Delhi invented a new kind of computer. It does not use a keyboard.

They put the computer in a wall that surrounds an area where poor people live. The computer was connected to the Internet. Mister Mitra wanted to see if people would use the computer. He placed a video camera near the computer so he could watch people as they looked at or played with the computer.

He discovered that adults were not interested in the computer in the wall. But children, especially young boys, were very interested. They learned how to play games and find music on the Internet without any adult to teach them. Then they shared what they had learned with other children. These children did not speak or read English, only Hindi. However, they were able to use computer programs in English to find interesting games on the Internet. And they were able to make the games work.

Mister Mitra thinks India and other countries can solve the problem of not having enough teachers to teach technology if children can teach themselves how to use computers. He says, "We can use teachers to teach three-hundred-thousand children about computers. But in India, we need to teach three-hundred-million children if we are going to fight against the digital divide."

Qual das alternativas abaixo melhor explica o titulo original do texto?

a. ( ) Computers owned by a group of children.

b. ( ) Computers which were designed with children's in mind.

c. ( ) Computers to be used exclusively by children.

Existe alguma diferença semantica entre:

a. Computers for children

b. Children's computers

Caso afirmativo, qual e a diferença?

Leia o texto atentamente e selecione a alternativa que melhor expressa sua ideia principal.

a. ( ) Adults do not care about computers because they are afraid of them.

b. ( ) Older people, including some teachers are not interested in learning how to use a computer.

c. ( ) According to Mr. Mitra, the lack of teachers who can work with computers can be minimized if children are taught to use computers.

d. ( ) Children like to play with computers.

Write T if the statement is True and F if the statement is False

a. ( ) Everyone knows how important technology should be.

b. ( ) Mr. Mitra and engineers from N-I-I-T think a keyboard is useless.

d. ( ) Mr. Mitra's new invention was a great success because it used a video camera.

Encontre no texto termos relacionados corn tecnologia e reescreva-os aqui.

Prefixos tais como un, in, im, entre outros, são adicionados a adjetivos em ingles para gerar seu antônimo.

Exemplos: clear - unclear conscious - unconscious

finite - infinite frequent - infrequent

proper - improper probable - improbable]

Qual é o antônimo (the opposite) dos seguintes adjetivos extraidos do texto:

Use un, in ou im.

Important -

Valuable –

Interested -

Possible –

Able –

A que se referem:

a. they going to teach (line 5)

b. to use them (line 8)

c. can teach themselves (line 10)

d. They put the computer (line13)

e. He discovered (line 17)

f. to teach them (line 19)

g. We can use teachers (line 24/25)

Leia o texto novamente e, dentre as sentenças abaixo, selecione aquela que poderia melhor se encaixar em ( I ).

a. ( ) This is achieved through practice.

b. ( ) They are so called technofobies.

c. ( ) They can perform many tasks.

Uso do "do" e "does"

http://www.infoescola.com/ingles/presente-simples-simple-present/

Botanicalls

A Device For Plants To Send Text Messages

Interactive telecommunications researchers designed a soil-moisture sensor device that can allow a house plant to communicate with its owner. The device can send short messages to a mobile phone or, by using a service called Twitter, it can send short messages to the Internet. The messages can range from reminders to water the plant, a thank you or a warning that you over- or under-watered it.

1) Como as plantas se comunicam com as pessoas?

2) Quais as mensagens que o comunicador envia aos donos das plantas?

House plants look good, brighten a room, produce oxygen, purify indoor air, eliminate noxious gases and reduce carbon monoxide levels. So why do so many of us forget to water them? Now, there may be a solution to solve that problem. Thirsty plants can now let you know they need water.

Knowing what your plants need isn't always this simple. For most of us, it's more of a guessing game. Phyllis Bilowich believes her porch plants like sharing her morning cup of water.

"The hibiscus has grown taller than me," said Bilowich.

Now she can not only see the results, but Phyllis' plants can tell her exactly what they need.

3) Quais as vantagens das plantas em casa?

4) Por que as necessidades das plantas são um “guessing game”?

A new system called Botanicalls, developed by interactive telecommunications researchers, allows your plants to send "tweets," or short text messages, to your mobile phone or messages to the Internet.

"They'll recognize when they've been watered, and they'll say thank you, and they'll also let you know if you've over-watered or under-watered," said Botanicalls developer Katie London.

Botanicalls researchers have created units with a soil-moisture sensor.

"We have a little micro-controller unit that's basically a little computer that's hooked up to your plant," said developer Kate Hartman.

Probes in the soil send out electrical waves. Based on amount of moisture in the soil, a voltage level is sent through two wires to a circuit board that compares current moisture levels to the optimum moisture level. This data is received by a local network, which allows the plant to send a message for help. It can send a wireless signal to an internet-connected computer that can send a prerecorded message to the owner. These messages might include a thank-you when plants are watered, or a warning if the watering is too much.

"We decided to tap into existing communication systems and allow them to talk like people," Hartman said.

5) Como funciona o sistema Botanicalls?

6) O nome “Botanicalls” é formado pela junção de duas palavras. Quais são elas?

Each Botanicalls kit is $99. Developers say it's worth it if you like your plants but don't always remember to take care of them. The new kit is the third generation of the Botanicalls system. The team is continuing to innovate and hopes to make it smaller, cheaper and easier to use.

House plants benefit air quality. It may not be an obvious benefit, but house plants can help improve the air quality inside homes. In addition to absorbing carbon dioxide, plants can absorb gases such as benzene, formaldehyde, and trichloroethylene. As builders construct more energy efficient homes, the improved insulation limits the exchange of air with the outside, keeping heat, and some pollutants inside. Many common houseplants that are used to add a bit of life to home interiors will also benefit residents by cleaning up the air they breathe.

7) Para que tipo de pessoa o Botanicalls é indicado?

8) Quais os benefícios de se ter plantas em casa?

9) Copie frases, agrupando-as nas seguintes categorias:

a) Frases no presente – to be b) Frases no presente – verbos principais

c) Frases no passado – to be d) Frases no passado – verbos principais

e) Frases no futuro – to be F) Frases no futuro – verbos principais

Electric Cars

(www.howstuffworks.com)

Electric cars are something that show up in the news all the time. There are several reasons for the continuing interest in these vehicles. They create less pollution than gasoline-powered cars, so they are an environmentally friendly alternative to gasoline-powered vehicles (especially in cities).

Vehicles powered by fuel cells are electric cars, and fuel cells are getting a lot of attention right now in the news.

An electric car is a car powered by an electric motor rather than a gasoline engine.

From the outside, you would probably have no idea that a car is electric. In most cases, electric cars are created by converting a gasoline-powered car, and in that case it is impossible to tell. Under the hood, there are a lot of differences between gasoline and electric cars: the gasoline engine is replaced by an electric motor, the electric motor gets its power from a controller, the controller gets its power from an array of rechargeable batteries.

A gasoline engine, with its fuel lines, exhaust pipes, coolant hoses and intake manifold, tends to look like a plumbing project. An electric car is definitely a wiring project.

The electric vehicle began its life as a normal, gasoline-powered 1994 Geo Prism. The gasoline engine, along with the muffler, catalytic converter, tailpipe and gas tank, were all removed.

A new AC electric motor was bolted to the transmission with an adapter plate.

An electric controller was added to control the AC motor.

A battery tray was installed in the floor of the car.

Fifty 12-volt batteries were placed in the battery tray (two sets of 25 to create 300 volts DC).

Electric motors were added to power things that used to get their power from the engine: the water pump, power steering pump, air conditioner.

The range of this car is about 50 miles (80 km).

The 0-to-60 mph time is about 15 seconds.

It takes about 12 kilowatt-hours of electricity to charge the car after a 50-mile trip.

The batteries weigh about 1,100 pounds (500 kg) and last three to four years.

1) Por que carros elétricos são opções interessantes?

2) Quais as principais características de um carro elétrico?

3) Quais os indicadores de desempenho dos carros elétricos?

18 de abril

Traduza para o português:

1. This part of the book describes the basic process for developing an application.

2. You cannot work on a drawing that is larger than the window.

3. You can change the name of the subdirectory if you like.

4. These files are copied to subdirectories.

5. Send the text as soon as it's typed.

6. It's not necessary to fill in all the fields.

7. I am looking for the problems that may have caused the failure.

8. You can use global groups as well as local groups.

9. Use this function as many times as needed.

10. The system asks whether you want to open a new file.

11. If your application doesn't behave as you expect ...

12. Read those books so as to get the information you need.

Parte 2

1. The operations you can perform depend on which protocol you're using.

2. If you want the information to remain on the screen ...

3. To deal with cases that are too complicated

4. You can share the files with others.

5. These topics can be of use to the experienced programmer.

6. When you add a file to a project ...

7. . .. without any further work on your part.

8. To name only a few of its many features

9. The search is performed as the string is typed.

10. You're not used to using this program.

12. This may come in useful if you want to prevent another application from using that port.

General Electric wades into row over immigrants

Engineering giant General Electric has hit out at the government over alleged recruitment problems caused by its immigration policy.

General Electric, which makes jet engines, gas turbines and other heavy industrial equipment, said it had been unable to hire a stem cell research executive from India and turbine engineers from outside the European Union because of the government cap.

Ministers introduced the temporary cap on non-EU immigration after the general election with a view to agreeing a permanent limit later this year.

But the move has faced criticism from business leaders who have branded it a blunt instrument, while others said the cap is too tight because it was based on immigration during the economic downturn, when demand for overseas workers was lower.

GE’s national executive for north Europe, Mark Elborne, told a Sunday newspaper that the group had only been given a small quota of people it could recruit from outside the EU.

Elborne said the move could damage Britain’s competitiveness and make it a less attractive place in which to invest.

hit out

a) to deal a blow aimlessly: a child hitting out in anger and frustration.

b)to make a violent verbal attack: Critics hit out at the administration's new energy policy.

livros de inglês para informática

http://www.4shared.com/document/8atTECxg/Basic_English_for_Computing.htm

http://www.4shared.com/document/Jg3F8o1P/Oxford_English_for_Computing_S.htm

Ordem de palavras - 11 de abril

PC is a general purpose tool built around a microprocessor. It has lots of different parts -- memory, a hard disk, a modem, etc. -- that work together. "General purpose" means that you can do many different things with a PC. You can use it to type documents, send e-mail, browse the Internet and play games.

In this article, we will talk about PCs in the general sense and all the different parts that go into them. You will learn about the various components and how they work together in a basic operating session. You'll also find out what the future may hold for these machines.

Main components of a typical desktop computer:

Central processing unit (CPU) - The microprocessor "brain" of the computer system is called the central processing unit. Everything that a computer does is overseen by the CPU.

Memory - This is very fast storage used to hold data. It has to be fast because it connects directly to the microprocessor. There are several specific types of memory in a computer.

Referência textual - 11 de abril

Sites com exercícios de inglês

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/ (vimos em classe)

http://www.agendaweb.org/ (com exercicios de áudio também)

Achieving the impossible

Candido Rondon (1865-1958) is a great Brazilian hero famous for his role in building a telegraph network through the vast expanse of western Brazil in the late nineteenth century, which required traversing the deepest recesses of the Amazon rainforest. He was a champion of humanism, a person who dedicated his life to the happiness and prosperity of the people. The Federal University of Rondonia is named in his honour.

[Candido Rondon was a military officer, engineer and explorer who did important work mapping and opening up the Mato Grosso region of western Brazil. He was also a staunch advocate of the rights of indigenous peoples.]

Extending telegraph lines through the unexplored reaches of the Amazon presented such a daunting undertaking that everyone thought it was impossible. Why was Rondon able to make the impossible possible? Three keys to his success can be cited.

First, he followed the lessons of those he looked up to as his mentors. The greater the challenges he faced, the more he turned for guidance and inspiration to the teachings and examples of such people as Benjamin Constant (1836-1891), a military officer and educator who was a leading figure in the establishment of the Brazilian Republic. And he strove tirelessly, never retreating a single step, for the sake of society, the people and the future, doing his utmost to realise his predecessors' dreams for the development of the young republic of Brazil. That's what made him strong and undefeatable.

The second key to success was staying wisely committed to the course of unity. Rondon was supported by many colleagues who stuck by him through thick and thin. They called the Rondon Commission, in which they worked alongside him, `the school of duty', and had immense respect and admiration for their leader. In the task of establishing the telegraph network, Rondon showed himself to be indefatigable and uncomplaining. Heartily encouraging his colleagues in this proud undertaking, he inspired them to work with amazing dedication and unite together solidly.

Unity will lead to victory in any struggle. Rondon's message of what can be achieved through a united effort resonates with me powerfully. Let's follow his example! Let's forge ahead in unity to a new summit of victory!

The third key to success was tenaciously pursuing the course of dialogue. Rondon respected the indigenous peoples of the Amazon. He made sincere efforts to engage them in dialogue and promote communication, and through these bold initiatives fostered firm friendships.

Aula 21 de março

Pronúncia diferente entre as palavras:

leap – lip

sit – seat

hit – heat

pick – peak

Vocabulário do texto sobre a Líbia

to enforce – fazer uma lei ou regra ser cumprida

enforcement – cumprimento da lei

United Nations-mandated cease-fire – cessar-fogo ordenado pelas N.U.

it is not clear – não está claro / it was not clear – não estava claro

you are not seeing – você não está vendo / you were not seeing – você não estava vendo

she heard – she did not hear

they receive (eles recebem) – they received (eles receberam)

(neg. no presente) They do not receive (eles não recebem)

(neg. no passado) They did not receive (eles não receberam)

(interrogativa no passado) Did they receive?

20 Libyan air and missile defense targets

20 alvos líbios de defesa aérea e de mísseis

West (oeste) – western (do oeste ou ocidental)

East (leste) – eastern (do leste ou oriental)

North (norte) – northern (do norte ou setentrional)

South (sul) – southern (do sul)

missiles and communications facilities (instalações / recursos)

instalações de comunicações e de mísseis

device – dispositivo -

advice (conselho)

highlander

land – terra

early – cedo, prematuro, adiantado - - - - - - - - - - earlier > mais cedo

News of the week

Obama in Brazil

http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mundo/891255-on-the-first-day-of-his-visit-obama-emphasizes-us-brazil-trade-relations.shtml

Explosions in Tripoli

http://articles.cnn.com/2011-03-19/world/libya.civil.war_1_misrata-missiles-fighter-jets?_s=PM:WORLD

Aula – 14 de março

Substantivo noun	Verbo verb	Adjetivo adjective	Advérbio adverb
memory	to speak	basic	basically
unit	to access	hard	properly
system	to load	quick	quickly
hard drive	to use	slow	slowly

Central Processing Unit

Basic Input Output System

Small Picture – imagem pequena

Smaller Picture – imagem menor / menor imagem

The smallest Picture – a menor imagem

This material is needed for finishing the job (nunca “for to finish’”)

Thanks for commenting my text

Atenção! Pronúncia

Orange juice - in a day – needed access

English for Computing

http://fdslive.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/elt/catalogue/0-19-457470-9-a.pdf?cc=global&selLanguage=en

Inglês instrumental

http://www.learn-portuguese-now.com/support-files/ingles-instrumental-charlles-nunes.pdf

How Tsunamis Work

http://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/natural-disasters/tsunami2.htm

by Robert Valdes and Nathan Halabrin

to make – fazer, tornar-se

to make up – constituir, inventar, maquiar (verbo frasal = verbo + preposição)

under (sob) / below (sob) - - - - - - over (sobre) / above (sobre) / on (sobre) / upon (sobre)

pull – puxar - - - - - - push - empurrar

The Birth of a Tsunami

The most common causes of tsunamis are underwater earthquakes. To understand underwater earthquakes, you must first understand plate tectonics. The theory of plate tectonics suggests that the lithosphere, or top layer of the Earth, is made up of a series of huge plates. These plates make up the continents and seafloor. They rest on an underlying viscous layer called the asthenosphere.

Think of a pie cut into eight slices. The pie crust would be the lithosphere and the hot, sticky pie filling underneath would be the asthenosphere. On the Earth, these plates are constantly in motion, moving along each other at a speed of 1 to 2 inches (2.5-5 cm) per year. The movement occurs most dramatically along fault lines (where the pie is cut). These motions are capable of producing earthquakes and volcanism, which, when they occur at the bottom of the ocean, are two possible sources of tsunamis.

When two plates come into contact at a region known as a plate boundary, a heavier plate can slip under a lighter one. This is called subduction. Underwater subduction often leaves enormous "handprints" in the form of deep ocean trenches along the seafloor.

In some cases of subduction, part of the seafloor connected to the lighter plate may "snap up" suddenly due to pressure from the sinking plate. This results in an earthquake. The focus of the earthquake is the point within the Earth where the rupture first occurs, rocks break and the first seismic waves are generated. The epicenter is the point on the seafloor directly above the focus.

When this piece of the plate snaps up and sends tons of rock shooting upward with tremendous force, the energy of that force is transferred to the water. The energy pushes the water upward above normal sea level. This is the birth of a tsunami. The earthquake that generated the December 26, 2004, tsunami in the Indian Ocean was a 9.0 on the Richter scale -- one of the biggest in recorded history.

Anotações - 28 de fevereiro

Pronúncia:

called

invite – invited

would

Would I like some beer?

I would like some beer

You would like to go to São Paulo

Would you like to go to São Paulo?

Texto: Airbus

Texto original:

http://www.learnenglish.org.uk/prof_mp3/airbus.pdf

range – alcance, distância, conjunto, faixa, extensão, cobertura

to fuel – abastecer

bearer – to bear – portar, suportar, carregar

- er: agente >>>>>> portador

overall length – comprimento geral / total

length – long

width – wide

depth – deep

height - high

until / by / up to

until – até (tempo)

I’m working until 11 p.m.

She waited until midnight.

by – até (tempo)

Give the book back by 11 p.m.

Get them out by Friday!

up to – até (quantidade)

We can put up to 50 students in this room.

seven-storey building – prédio de 7 andares

as..... as ----- tão.... quanto

as long as – tão longo quanto / as high as – tão alto quanto

“making the plane’s take off weight 560 tonnes”

Take-off : decolagem (substantivo – noun)

to take off: decolar (não confundir com turn off – desligar)

to build – construir, montar >>>>>>> building : construção

Dicas de Sites

“Como as coisas funcionam”:

WWW.howstuffworks.com

Numerais em inglês:

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/zahlen.htm

Video sobre a construção do A380 (primeira parte)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hE2bc9NTTYo&feature=related

Texto Wikipedia A380

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A380